2018-04-20

Christopher Whitty - Chronic Diseases

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source: GreshamCollege         2017年11月21日
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-an...
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Diabetes: A Rising Tide 54:27
Diabetes is an increasingly common disease causing raised blood sugar with serious long-term consequences. Type 1 diabetes was almost always fatal until the discovery of insulin, and causes serious medical consequences. Type 2 diabetes, where the body does not fully respond to insulin is often associated with obesity. This lecture will consider the treatment, prevention and recent advances in the science of diabetes.
Asthma and Chronic Airways Disease 52:37
Asthma, an intermittent disease, is the commonest lung disease in the UK. The second is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), now the 4th leading cause of death globally. In both a combination of environmental and genetic factors are important, although for COPD smoking is the biggest risk factor.
This lecture will consider trends and advances in these two diseases, and the chronic genetic lung disease cystic fibrosis.

Joanna Bourke - Understanding Human Violence

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source: GreshamCollege      2017年10月20日
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
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The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-an...

46:20 The History of Pain
Pain is often seen as universal and timeless, but how have peoples understandings of pain changed over time? Did the invention of more effective analgesics and anaesthetics really revolutionise medical practices and human relationships to suffering?
Pain forces sufferers to pay attention to their bodies. The way people-in-pain communicate their suffering has a profound effect on the type and quality of care they receive.
43:15 A Global History of Sexual Violence
In England and Wales today, 11 people are raped every hour. 85,000 women and 12,000 men are affected annually. Another half a million adults are sexually assaulted  not including large numbers of women, men, and children who never report being attacked to the police.
The lecture will explore what we know (and don't know) about sexual violence from a global perspective. How have people in different periods of history and in a variety of countries understood and responded to assaults? What can be done to reduce, if not eradicate, such violence?
47:42 Training in Violence: An Essay on Military Hazing
How have the British and American armed forces been taught to fight and kill in conflicts from 1914 to the present? What role have psychology and technology played in military training? How do combatants contribute to, and endure, harsh military drills? Social and cultural life in the barracks will be explored, including rites of passage in preparing soldiers for battle.

Craig Clunas - Chinese Art 1911-1976: A Connected History

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source: GreshamCollege     2017年11月21日
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege
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The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-an...

46:50 China: New Nation, New Art, 1911-1932
As the imperial system collapsed in China, the New Culture Movement focused debate on new categories of modernity and tradition.
This lecture was part of the 2017 Being Human Festival. For more information about the festival, please visit: http://www.beinghumanfestival.org/
For artists, it posed the questions of what it meant to be both modern and Chinese challenging them to show how ancient techniques could remain relevant. Artists began to travel abroad (to France, Japan, Germany, Britain and the USA) and become part of an increasingly international art world. The 1920s in China saw both the political chaos of warlordism, but also a flowering of creativity which drew on the keen awareness by many of Chinas potential as part of a global modernism.
46:50 China: New Nation, New Art, 1911-1932
54:33 China: Art, War and Salvation, 1933-1949

Martin Elliott - Personalised Medicine

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source: GreshamCollege      2017年10月26日
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
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The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-an...

57:21 What is Value in Healthcare? - Professor Martin Elliott
Value is the importance, worth or usefulness of something. In healthcare, it has been argued that the only value that matters is that to the patient.
This lecture considers this hypothesis and the relationship between clinical outcome and cost of treatment.
1:06:04 Half a Century of Heart Transplantation - Professor Martin Elliott
55:39 Can We Prevent Coronary Artery Disease? Investing in your Arteries - Professor John Deanfield
55:12 Does a Good Bedside Manner Matter? - Professor Martin Elliott
55:20 Personalised Medicine - Made For You - Professor Martin Elliott

Christopher Page - For Courtesan, Queen and Gallant: The Guitar in England From Henry VIII to Samuel Pepys

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source: GreshamCollege      2017年10月20日
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-an...
Website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollege
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollege
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/greshamcollege

53:24 The Guitar in Tudor London
Few people now remember that the guitar was popular in England during the age of Queen Elizabeth and Shakespeare, and yet it was played everywhere from the royal court to the common tavern.
In 1559 Queen Elizabeth herself received a case of three guitars as a New-Years day present.
This opening lecture of the series, with musical illustrations, will use documents, poetry and images to bring the instrument to life, with a particular focus on the autobiography of the beguiling Tudor musician Thomas Whythorne.
47:55 Buying, Selling and Owning Guitars in Elizabethan England
What kind of people owned a guitar in the London of Elizabeth I and where did they go shopping for one? It is possible to assemble a remarkably full picture of the instruments place in the social life and trade and trade of Tudor England.
Guitars were an imported luxury from abroad that came with looking glasses, perfumed gloves and many other luxuries on a scale probably unknown, in many cases, to the purchasers grandparents.
3 [private video]
49:18 An Englishman (with a Guitar) Abroad
In 1643 an English landowner, Sir Ralph Verney, fled to France in the depths of the Civil War. He settled in Blois and, while there, amassed a vast archive that is still unpublished. The letters Verney kept, and his financial accounts, show that almost every member of his family learned the guitar. These records provide a wealth of information about the music they played, the guitars they bought and their reasons for cultivating a light and fashionable instruments far from home.
52:39 The Guitar at the Restoration Court
When the most famous diarist in English, Samuel Pepys, accompanied Charles II back to London for the Restoration of the monarchy he was given the task of carrying the kings guitar. From this moment on, the instrument had a the royal seal of approval and some of the best guitar playing in Europe was heard at Whitehall. Court ladies had themselves portrayed with a guitar on their lap like a musical pet; actors and actresses played them in comedies and guitar-masters made a living teaching the daughters of London barmaids.
6 [private video]
48:36 The Guitar in the Age of Charles I
The courts of James I and his son Charles I were more cosmopolitan than their Elizabethan forebears. Many courtiers had now visited the Continent in early adulthood with a tutor, mostly after a period of residence at a university.
The guitar at the English court entered a new and very lively phase, as sketched in a scenery design by Inigo Jones and played in a masque by a leading court musician. On the verge of the Civil War, the guitar rapidly became the fashionable instrument of elite London from Covent Garden to Westminster.

(русский / in Russian) Integrable models of random growth and branching graphs by Alexei Borodin

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source: Лекториум          2013年7月16日
The goal of the mini-course is to explain how representation theory helps to discover and analyze integrable structures in probability. The relevant representation theoretic constructions involve representations and characters of symmetric and unitary groups and their infinite-dimensional analogs, Schur and Macdonald symmetric polynomials, and Whittaker eigenfunctions of the quantum Toda lattice. The probabilistic counterparts are random growth models in one and two space dimensions, last passage percolation and directed polymers, solutions of the stochastic heat equation and Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation and associated quantum many-body systems. Курс прочитан в рамках St. Petersburg School in Probability and Statistical Physics.информация о курсе.
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(русский / in Russian) Markov chains: mixing times, hitting times, and cover times by Yuval Peres

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source: Лекториум       2013年7月16日
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One aim of the course is to describe the close connections, some old and some new, between three basic parameters of a Markov chain: Mixing time, hitting time and cover time. In particular, following classical results of Aldous, recent work ([2] and independently, [3]) shows that mixing time is equivalent to the maximal hitting time of large sets. Another aim is to present some useful methods for analyzing a Markov chain, namely coupling, stationary stopping times, optional stopping for suitable martingales, and the spectrum. Key examples will include random walks on the symmetric group (card shuffling), Glauber dynamics for the Ising model, and lamplighter groups. We will also describe the connection [6] of the cover time to the maximum of the Gaussian Free Field. Open problems we will explore are (1) Diaconis’ challenge to understand which chains exhibit cutoff (an abrupt change of the total variation distance to stationarity from near 1 to near zero); (2) for Glauber dynamics, when do extra updates assist mixing, and how do random updates compare with systematic updates? (3) On a Cayley graph, for how long is the rate of escape at least the square root of t/d,where t denotes time and d is the degree? (4) On a transitive graph, is mixing time always bounded above by the diameter squared times the degree? (5) In what generality is the diameter squared divided by log(n) a lower bound for the mixing time on an n-vertex graph?References:[1] Markov Chains and Mixing Times, (2008). David A. Levin, Yuval Peres and Elizabeth L. Wilmer. Published by the Amer. Math. Soc.,See http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/u... (errata are at http://pages.uoregon.edu/dlevin/MARKO...)[2] Mixing times are hitting times of large sets. Yuval Peres, Perla Sousi http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.0133[3] Mixing and hitting times for finite Markov chains. Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira. http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/1108.1708[4] Can extra updates delay mixing? Yuval Peres, Peter Winkler http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0603[5] Harmonic maps on amenable groups and a diffusive lower bound for random walks (2009). James R. Lee, Yuval Peres Ann. Probability, to appear. http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.0274[6] Cover times, blanket times, and majorizing measures (2010)Jian Ding, James R. Lee, Yuval Peres http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4371Курс прочитан в рамках St. Petersburg School in Probability and Statistical Physics.информация о курсе.

(русский / in Russian) Локальное декодирование | Сергей Еханин (Local decoding / Sergey Ekhanin)

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source: Лекториум        2013年7月24日
Классические помехоустойчивые коды кодируют сообщения из бит кодовыми словами из бит, позволяя однозначно восстанавливать сообщения даже из искажённых кодовых слов. Некоторым неудобством является то, что для восстановления даже одного бита сообщения, как правило, необходимо прочесть всё искажённое кодовое слово. Локально декодируемые коды - это коды, которые позволяют этого неудобства избежать. Простейшим примером локально декодируемых кодов является код Адамара, кодирующий сообщения длины 3 кодовыми словами длины 7. Несложно убедиться, что даже после того, как какие-либо три символа кодового слова оказываются стёрты, любой символ сообщения можно восстановить, прочитав только два из четырёх оставшихся символов. Например, если стёрты символы то можно восстановить по символам и Теория локально декодируемых кодов - это относительно новый, активно развивающийся раздел теории кодирования. Локально декодируемые коды имеют приложения в криптографии и теории сложности вычислений. Они также используются на практике для обеспечения надёжности в больших распределенных системах хранения данных. В данном курсе мы рассмотрит основные семейства локально декодируемых кодов. Курс предполагает минимальное знакомство с алгеброй над конечными полями. Примерный план лекций: Модели локального декодирования. Код Адамара. Коды с оптимальным восстановлением. Пирамидальные коды. Коды Рида-Маллера. Коды с кратностями. Сочетающиеся вектора. Коды из сочетающихся векторов. Приложения. Источник.

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(русский / in Russian) Машинное обучение / Machine Learning (2012) by Игорь Кураленок / Igor Kuralenok

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source: Лекториум      2013年6月15日
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(русский / in Russian) Введение в компьютерное зрение | Антон Конушин (Introduction to computer vision by Anton Konushin)

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source: Лекториум       2013年7月23日
В курсе рассматриваются как базовые понятния компьютерного зрения, так и ряд современных алгоритмов, позволяющих решать практические задачи. Отдельно отмечается связь методов компьютерного зрения с обработкой зрительной информации в мозгу человека. Курс подготовлен при поддержке Microsoft Research.
Программа курса:
1 Введение и компьютерное зрение и устройство зрительной системы человека.
2 Обработка изображений.
3 Простые методы анализа изображений.
4 Представление изображений.
5. Локальные особенности.
6 Оценка параметров моделей.
7 Машинное обучение и классификация изображений.
8 Поиск и локализация объектов.
9 Задачи на больших коллекцях изображений.
10 Поиск изображений по содержанию.
11 Основы видеонаблюдения.
12 Распознавание событий в видео.
13 Компьютерное зрение в реальном времени.

Курс прочитан в Лаборатории компьютерной графики и мультимедиа ВМК МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова. Лаборатория создана в 1998 году Юрием Матвеевичем Баяковским, одним из пионеров компьютерной графики в России, членом ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Pioneers Club. Сотрудниками лаборатории читаются курсы по компьютерной графике, фотореалистичной визуализации, компьютерному зрению, обработке видео и 3D видео.