Introduction to Formal Logic by Mark Thorsby

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source: Mark Thorsby   上次更新日期：2016年1月25日
This course introduces viewers to an introduction to formal symbolic logic. We cover the basics of argumentation, categorical logic, propositional logic, propositional proofs (natural deduction), and predicate logic.
Philosopher John Locke once wrote that "logic is the anatomy of thought." This course follows along that vein of thought in that this course will teach students to analyze and evaluate arguments using the formal techniques of modern symbolic logic.
In our everyday lives, we are confronted with an enormous amount of challenges that require an acute ability to quickly interpret, evaluate, and synthesize information and arguments.
Whether watching television, reading the political punditry of a local newspaper, listening to the well intentioned ideas of a family member, or by being presented with a series of radical ideas by a professor - people everywhere are vying for your opinion and consent and they do so through argumentation.
Some of the arguments we are presented with in life are strong, others are weak, and many are flatly false. The aim of this course is to give students the tool set necessary for diagnosing what is and is not trustworthy within the terrain of reasonable thought.
Like a physician trained in the art of human anatomy, the logician holds the confidence and ability to break apart arguments and peer beneath the ruse of rhetorical device in search of truth.
This course sets students upon a path of finely honed critical skills essential for life in the modern world.

1.1 Basic Concepts: Arguments, Premises, & Conclusions 35:33
1.2 Recognizing Arguments 26:03
1.3 Deduction & Induction 36:08
1.4 Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency 34:27
1.5 Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity 26:45
2.1 Varieties of Meaning 25:13
2.2 The Intension and Extension of Terms 31:36
3A Fallacies in General, Relevance, & Weak Induction 51:20
3B Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, and Transference 46:45
4.1 The Components of Categorical Propositions 20:00
4.2 Quantity, Quality, & Distribution 20:11
4.3 Venn Diagrams & The Modern Square of Opposition 40:20
4.4 Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition 29:57
4.5 The Traditional Square of Opposition 28:53
4.6 Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint 22:16
5.1 Standard Form, Mood, and Figure 29:45
5.2 Venn Diagrams 48:08
5.3 Rules and Fallacies 30:06
5.6 Enthymemes 17:57
5.7 Sorites 32:22
6.1 Symbols & Translation 49:04
6.2 Truth Functions 57:50
6.3 Truth Tables for Propositions 51:45
6.4 Truth Tables for Arguments 39:26
6.5 Indirect Truth Tables 34:10
7.1 Rules of Implication I 53:05
7.2 Rules of Implication II 43:07
7.3 Rules of Replacement I 52:50
7.4 Rules of Replacement II 32:06
7.5 Conditional Proof 25:00
7.6 Indirect Proof 24:05
8.1 Predicate Logic: Symbols & Translation 57:48
8.2 Predicate Logic: Using the Rules of Inference 50:51
8.3 Change of Quantifier Rule 33:01
8.4 Predicate Logic: Condition & Indirect Proof 42:33
8.5 Predicate Logic: Finite Universe Method 1:08:53
Appendix 1. Philosophical Logic 1:17:05
Appendix 2: Diagramming Arguments 20:54
The Banach–Tarski Paradox 24:14 [Vsauce]
1. Frege: "Thought, Sense, & Reference" 1:22:46