Cruel Bombs

source: Vsauce 2013年10月30日

Love is the Product of Lousy Neurons

source: Big Think 2013年10月22日
Why are humans so aberrant - that is to say - why do all human cultures have marriage-like institutions while 90 percent of mammalian species are promiscuous?

The neuroscientist David Linden points to our "jellyfish-like or coral-like" neurons, which are pretty crummy parts if you are trying to create "clever us."

These ancient, inefficient neurons "signal probabilistically, they are unreliable, they leak signals to their neighbors and they're slow," Linden says. And so, in order to be clever humans, we need an extraordinarily large number of neurons and a huge brain to store them all. And that, in turn, means that it takes humans, as opposed to orangutans, an extraordinary amount of time to develop.

This long post-natal maturation - the longest childhood of any animal - means that "single moms aren't very effective in keeping their children alive in hunter/gatherer societies," Linden says. And that is why love is so important for human survival.

Directed / Produced by Jonathan Fowler, Elizabeth Rodd, and Dillon Fitton

Transcript -- So our brains are built out of neurons and those neurons are fundamentally similar to the very first evolved neurons in jellyfish-like or coral-like animals that first emerged about 600 million years ago. And it turns out that neurons are not that efficient at all. They signal probabilistically, they are unreliable, they leak signals to their neighbors and they're slow. So then the question becomes, well we're really clever, we humans. How do we build clever us out of such crummy parts?

And the answer is that, in order to build clever us, we need huge brains. We need an extraordinarily large number of neurons and to have massive interconnection between those neurons. So we have something on the order of 500 billion neurons in the human brain each neuron receiving about 10,000 connections from its neighbors. Now this turns out actually to be really crucial to our humanity because our adult human brain is 1,200 cubic centimeters in volume. That's about three-fold larger than an adult chimpanzee. A newborn human has a brain of volume 400 cubic cm. And it turns out, as women well know that that barely fits through the birth canal as it is. It turns out that death during childbirth is a uniquely human phenomenon. You don't see it in other animals. So you've got a newborn with a 400 cc brain and an adult with a 1,200cc brain. Well, it turns out that if you look at the development of the brain postnatally, there is furious brain development from birth to age five and then much slower brain development from age five to 20, and the brain isn't mature until about the age 20.

What does this mean? It means that humans have by far, the longest childhood of any animal. Now, what are the sequelae of that? Well, what it means is that an Orangutan mom can take care of her offspring without any paternal contribution at all, just fine. But it turns out, if you look at humans in hunter/gatherer societies, which is what we were up until the last blink in evolutionary time, single motherhood is not a very viable endeavor. So, single moms aren't very effective in keeping their children alive in hunter/gatherer societies.

So that's why we have cross-culturally, marriage or marriage-like institutions. There isn't a single culture that has ever been found that doesn't have something like marriage. The details of the rules can vary, be we all have it. Why do we have this when 90 percent of mammalian species are promiscuous, where both male and female have many sexual partners within a given reproductive cycle where paternity is not well-established and where the male does not contribute in any way in the rearing of offspring? Why are we so aberrant? It's because our neurons are lousy processors, so we need big, fat brains to make clever us. By putting many of these lousy processors together, we can only get 400 cc's worth of these neurons through the birth canal, so we have to have very long post-natal maturation, a long childhood and consequently, that's what creates love. That's what creates our cross-cultural human mating system. It comes from the fact that neurons are lousy processors.

留十八分鐘給自己：蔣勳 (Chiang Hsun) at TEDxTaipei 2012

source: TEDxTaipei 2012年11月29日
蔣勳是詮釋文學與美學的發言者，1947年生於西安，福建長樂人。畢業於中國文化大學­史學系、藝術研究所。現任《聯合文學》社長。其文筆清麗流暢，兼具感性與理性之美，1­972年負笈法國巴黎大學藝術研究所，在人文思潮的起源地巴黎，孕育出其更從容率性的­生活態度。其作品涉略極廣，在藝術體系中灌注人文感性，用文字線條拉出豐富的視覺意象­，其將生活經驗及美學背景重組融會成令人驚豔的美。著有小說、散文、藝術論述等作品數­十種，並多次舉辦畫展，深獲各界好評。最愛的創作是寫詩。

Chiang Hsun is an influential contemporary poet and author. He was born in Xian in 1947 and grew up in Taiwan. He graduated from the Department of History and Graduate Institute of Art at Chinese Culture University. In 1972, he started his new phase of life as a student at the Institute of Art in the University of Paris.

During his stay in Paris, he immersed himself in art . He incorporated and emphasized the value of humanity in his work. Chiang has published numerous novels, poems, prose and art criticism. He enjoys composing poems the most among all. He has held several painting exhibitions which also received great remarks.

我願是滿山的杜鵑　只願一次無憾的春天 我願是繁星　捨給一個夏天的夜晚 我願是千萬調江河　流向唯一的海洋 我願是那月　為妳再一次圓滿 如果你是島嶼　我願是環抱你的海洋 如果你張起了船帆　我願是輕輕吹動的風浪 如果你遠行　我願是那路　準備了平坦　隨你去到遠方 當你走累了　我願是夜晚 是路旁的客棧　有安靜的枕席　供你睡眠 眠中有夢　我就是你枕上的淚痕 我願是手臂讓你依靠　雖然白髮蒼蒼 我仍願是你腳邊的爐火　與你共化回憶的老年 你是笑　我是應和你的歌聲 你是淚　我是陪伴你的星光 當你埋葬土中　我願是依伴你的青草 你成灰　我變成塵 如果 如果 如果你對此生還有眷戀 我就再許一願 與你結來世的因緣

Judith Butler. Benjamin and Kafka. 2011

source: egsvideo  2012年02月23日
http://www.egs.edu/ Judith Butler, philosopher and author, talking about Walter Benjamin's notion of the gesture in Franz Kafka's parables. In this lecture, Judith Butler discusses Benjamin's background, Kafka's elliptical literary style, the relationship between image and gesture, the possibility of completed action, theology and the Event of language in relationship to Jacques Derrida, Bertolt Brecht, Theodor W. Adorno, Samuel Weber and Karl Marx focusing on messianic time, commodity fetishism, Christianity, the antichrist, the structure of time and space, the Frankfurt School, Kabbalah, the trace, the enigmatic remainder and interruption. Public open lecture for the students and faculty of the European Graduate School EGS Media and Communication Studies department program Saas-Fee Switzerland Europe. 2011. Judith Butler.

Judith Butler. Benjamin and The Philosophy of History. 2011

source: egsvideo  2012年02月11日
http://www.egs.edu/ Judith Butler, philosopher and author, talking about Walter Benjamin's Theses On The Philosophy of History. In this lecture, Judith Butler discusses historical materialism crossed with the messianic, crystallization as the imagistic form of the past, homogenous time, the loss of remembrance and the singularity of catastrophe in relationship to Franz Kafka, Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Michel Foucault focusing on memory, progress, empty time, the relation of the past and present, happening versus action and dialectics. Public open lecture for the students and faculty of the European Graduate School EGS Media and Communication Studies department program Saas-Fee Switzerland Europe. 2011. Judith Butler.

Avital Ronell. Walter Benjamin the sequel. 2013

source: egsvideo  2013年10月13日
http://www.egs.edu/ Avital Ronell, philosopher and author, talking about the Walter Benjamin, philosophy, doctorate, and failure. In the lecture Avital Ronell discusses the concepts of transparency, translation, melancholia, sequel, in relationship to sovereignty, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Socrates, Nietzsche, Lyotard, Marx, focusing on task, struggle, and mission. Public open lecture for the students and faculty of the European Graduate School EGS Media and Communication Studies department program Saas-Fee Switzerland Europe Year Avital Ronell.

Judith Butler. One time traverses another, Benjamin's Theologico-Politic...

source: egsvideo  2013年09月12日
http://www.egs.edu/ Judith Butler, philosopher and author, talking about the imminence, transience, messianic, and rhythm. In the lecture Judith Butler discusses the concepts of happiness, downfall, eternal, nature, in relationship to Walter Benjamin, worldliness, sacred, recurrence, loss, focusing on Kafka, and Theologico-Political Fragment. Public open lecture for the students and faculty of the European Graduate School EGS Media and Communication Studies department program Saas-Fee Switzerland Europe Year Judith Butler.

Judith Butler, Ph.D., Hannah Arendt Chair at the European Graduate School EGS, attended Bennington College and then Yale University, where she received her B.A., and her Ph.D. in philosophy in 1984. Her first training in philosophy took place at the synagogue in her hometown of Cleveland. She taught at Wesleyan and Johns Hopkins universities before becoming Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 2012 she will join Columbia University's English and Comparative Literature departments.

Judith Butler is the author of Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France (Columbia University Press, 1987), Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Routledge, 1990), Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of "Sex" (Routledge, 1993), The Psychic Life of Power: Theories of Subjection (Stanford University Press, 1997), Excitable Speech (Routledge, 1997), Antigone's Claim: Kinship Between Life and Death (Columbia University Press, 2000), Precarious Life: Powers of Violence and Mourning (Verso Press, 2004), Giving an Account of Oneself (Fordham University Press, 2005), Frames of War (Verso, 2009) and The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere (Columbia University Press, 2011).

利用 Chrome + Google Dictionary 輔助英文閱讀

source: dwhsvideo

東西建築十講 (漢寶德)

# 自動播放清單 (請點選左上角)

source: dxmonline      官網：（http://dxmonline.com/eastwest/）
漢寶德教授於天下文化人文空間的東西建築十講
漢寶德先生的建築史教學，以其豐富的學養，對人類的建築行為邏輯與人類文化的發展脈絡­，都能深入而淺白的剖析，因此對許多早期東海建築系的學生而言，受益匪淺。2012年­春天，在一次機緣下，漢寶德的學生姚仁祿、姚仁喜以及夏鑄九，力邀漢先生將幾十年建築­相關評論，整理成講座，以中、西對照的方式講述世界建築。

這十堂課是漢先生將建築史的精華，以前所未有東西併陳的方式，展現在大家眼前，內容架­構在以希臘、羅馬文化為起點的西方建築，與以中國黃河流域文化為起點的東方建築的對比­上。十堂課雖短，卻涵蓋了建築系的三門課，中國建築史、西洋建築史、現代建築史，以及­當代建築。

關於【東西建築十講】 4:17
【第一堂】東西建築分道揚鑣5-1 ：建築的起源 9:19
【第一堂】東西建築分道揚鑣5-2：東方建築與美學 7:31
【第一堂】東西建築分道揚鑣5-3：石文化的雕刻之美 13:15
【第一堂】東西建築分道揚鑣5-4：西方比例與構圖之美 7:05
【第一堂】東西建築分道揚鑣5-5：希臘柱式 5:24
【第二堂】壯麗的帝國建築5-1：東西帝國文化 17:59
【第二堂】壯麗的帝國建築5-2：古羅馬公共建築（公共浴場，競技場） 11:21
【第二堂】壯麗的帝國建築5-3：古羅馬公共建築（圓劇場，輸水橋） 11:57
【第二堂】壯麗的帝國建築5-4：西方建築 拱的發明 19:48
【第二堂】壯麗的帝國建築5-5：東方墓室的拱頂 15:23
【第三堂】宗教建築形式的開拓5-1：佛教東來 捨宅為寺 9:13
【第三堂】宗教建築形式的開拓5-2：東方屋頂曲線美學 12:26
【第三堂】宗教建築形式的開拓5-3：塔的發展 10:33
【第三堂】宗教建築形式的開拓5-4：西方早期的宗教建築 13:33
【第三堂】宗教建築形式的開拓5-5：拜占庭圓頂建築 13:30
【第四堂】 歐洲中古世紀與唐宋5-1：唐代木造建築的成熟 10:57
【第四堂】 歐洲中古世紀與唐宋5-2：富麗飄逸的唐代建築風格 11:19
【第四堂】 歐洲中古世紀與唐宋5-3：唐朝建築代表：南禪寺 佛光寺 21:03
【第四堂】 歐洲中古世紀與唐宋5-4：早期基督教堂 11:15
【第四堂】 歐洲中古世紀與唐宋5-5：仿羅馬建築 16:35
【第五堂】 近代來臨前的東西方世界5-1：制度化的宋朝建築 14:13
【第五堂】 近代來臨前的東西方世界5-2：清明上河圖中的宋朝建築 13:01
【第五堂】 近代來臨前的東西方世界5-3：遼、金、元建築的多元發展 9:03
【第五堂】 近代來臨前的東西方世界5-4：哥德建築登場 ‬ 19:56
【第五堂】 近代來臨前的東西方世界5-5：細看哥德建築 17:55
【第六堂】 近世文明的曙光5-1：文藝復興的起點 13:53
【第六堂】 近世文明的曙光5-2：回歸古典美學 13:15
【第六堂】 近世文明的曙光5-3：藝術家主導的建築 10:08
【第六堂】 近世文明的曙光5-4：米開朗基羅 9:41
【第六堂】 近世文明的曙光5-5 中國園林山水的想像 19:17
【第七堂】王權鞏固後的世界5-1 皇權至尊 紫禁城 14:51
【第七堂】王權鞏固後的世界5-2 江南民間風情 9:55
【第七堂】王權鞏固後的世界5-3 大眾美學 巴洛克 12:54
【第七堂】王權鞏固後的世界5-4 華麗巴洛克 22:01
【第七堂】王權鞏固後的世界5-5 中西建築交會 18:41
【第八堂】現代世界的來臨 5-1：學院派的現代建築 12:12
【第八堂】現代世界的來臨 5-2：水晶宮與巴黎鐵塔 11:48
【第八堂】現代世界的來臨 5-3：蘇利文、萊特與美國有機建築 17:17
【第八堂】現代世界的來臨 5-4：包浩斯與現代建築 12:01
【第八堂】現代世界的來臨 5-5：葛羅培斯、密斯凡得羅 和 科比意 15:57
【第九堂】鄉愁的後現代5-1：西洋建築的東來 7:57
【第九堂】鄉愁的後現代5-2：再談密斯凡得羅 及柯比意 11:02
【第九堂】鄉愁的後現代5-3：路易士．康和貝聿銘 10:56
【第九堂】鄉愁的後現代5-4：複雜與含混～范求利 14:20
【第九堂】鄉愁的後現代5-5：後現代的來臨 28:29
【第十堂】當代與未來5-1 ：建築邁向新科技 18:10
【第十堂】當代與未來5-2 ：法蘭克．蓋瑞的現代建築 13:25
【第十堂】當代與未來5-3 ：當代西方建築 12:45
【第十堂】當代與未來5-4 ：姚仁喜談當代建築 32:07
【第十堂】當代與未來5-5 ：高希均 姚仁祿談「漢寶德東西建築十講」 11:43

Names

source: Vsauce 2013年10月19日

學術英文論文寫作 線上資源

學術英文論文寫作 線上資源
source: 英文論文寫作不求人 (作者: 廖柏森老師)

1.普渡大學線上寫作實驗室
The Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)
http://owl.english.purdue.edu

2. 威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校寫作中心
The Writing Center@The University of Wisconsin--Madison
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/index.html

3. 北卡羅來納大學寫作中心
The Writing Center, University of North Carolina
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts

4. 達特茅斯學院寫作課程
Dartmouth Wrting Program
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~writing/materials/about.shtml

5. 哈佛大學寫作中心
The Wrting Center, Harvard University
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/resources.html

6. 多倫多大學學術寫作建議
Advice on Academic Writing, University of Toronto
http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice

7. 伊利諾大學香檳分校寫作者工作坊
Writers Workshop, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/

8. 德州農工大學寫作中心學術寫作
Academic Writing, Texas A&M University
http://writingcenter.tamu.edu/how-to/academic/

9. 天普大學寫作中心講義、訣竅和寫作指引
Handouts, Tipsheets, adn Writing Guides, Temple University Writing Center
http://www.temple.edu/writingctr/support-for-writers/handouts.asp

10. 華威大學線上學習英文
Learning English On-line at Warwick, University of Warwick
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/learning_english/leap

11. 曼徹斯特大學學術片語銀行
Academic Phrasebank, The University of Manchester
http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk

12. 香港大學寫作機器
Writing Machine, The University of Hong Kong
http://www4.caes.hku.hk/writingmachine/

13. 香港理工大學學術寫作者
Academic Writer, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
http://vlc.polyu.edu.hk/academicwriter/Questions/writemodeintro.htm

閱讀原文書的技巧--符碧真 (台大演講網)

主題：閱讀技巧
講者：符碧真 教授 (臺大師培中心)

http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_search.php?srh_PID=6&film_sn=1266&show=1&key_no=50

研究生資料蒐集技巧--石美倫 (台大演講網)

研究生資料蒐集技巧--石美倫 (台大演講網)

http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/sng/ci/?c=User&m=vod_search&srh_PID=1&film_sn=1737&show=1&key_no=50

綠屋頂 綠牆:炎熱地球 降溫之道

source:  dxmonline

大小創意邀請樹花園(Tree Garden)公司董事長李有田，
分享城市綠屋頂以及綠牆的概念。

內容包括：
1）都市屋頂或露台、陽台，外牆面綠化的科學意義。
2）世界各地，包括臺灣，成功的實例。
3）在臺灣，屋頂、露台、陽台、外牆面綠化的基本設計概念 及基礎知識。
4）常見的錯誤的想法。
5）果樹、蔬菜種植的可能性。

垂直綠化的好處，包括了：

1）隔熱節能省電 擺脫西曬房子的夢靨。
2）生物多樣性與生態跳島。
3）減緩都市熱島效應。
4）停滯雨水減緩驟雨涇流造成馬路淹水。
5）美化建築物成為地標。
6）政府綠建築和都更獎勵綠牆施作增加容積率。

我們能為這塊土地做什麼？
將平面的不透水鋪面儘量改成【透水鋪面】，
讓雨水可以滲入地下，回補地下水
讓驟雨帶來的雨水，
先濕潤土壤儲存起來，多餘的才排走，
也不會造成排水管道的洩水能量超載，讓馬路積水。

土地失去的綠意，我們努力從空中補回來，
讓都市成為補償綠意的最佳舞台。

Slavoj Žižek. The Buddhist Ethic and the Spirit of Global Capitalism. 2012

source: European Graduate School    2012年10月2日
http://www.egs.edu/ Slavoj Žižek, contemporary philosopher and psychoanalyst, discusses Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, Western Buddhism, the West, capitalism, science, ideology, cognitive neuroscience, psychology, psychoanalysis, bodhisattva, samsara, enlightenment, kharma, nirvana, war, Thomas Metzinger, free will, Benjamin Libet, Martin Heidegger, Patricia and Paul Churchland, and The Lion King. Public open lecture for the students and faculty of the European Graduate School EGS Media and Communication Studies department program Saas-Fee Switzerland. 2012 Slavoj Žižek.

Is There An Introvert Craze Because of Technology? | Idea Channel | PBS ...

source: pbsideachannel

The physics of sperm vs. the physics of sperm whales - Aatish Bhatia

source: TED-Ed 2013-09-23
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/human-sperm...
Traveling is extremely arduous for microscopic sperm -- think of a human trying to swim in a pool made of...other humans. We can compare the journey of a sperm to that of a sperm whale by calculating the Reynolds number, a prediction of how fluid will behave, often fluctuating due to size of the swimmer. Aatish Bhatia explores the great (albeit tiny) sperm's journey.
Lesson by Aatish Bhatia, animation by Brad Purnell.

The most groundbreaking scientist you've never heard of (by Addison Anderson)

source: TED-Ed 2013-10-01
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-most-gr...
Seventeenth-century Danish geologist Nicolas Steno earned his chops at a young age, studying cadavers and drawing anatomic connections between species. Steno made outsized contributions to the field of geology, influencing Charles Lyell, James Hutton and Charles Darwin. Addison Anderson recounts Steno's little-known legacy and lauds his insistence on empiricism over blind theory.
Lesson by Addison Anderson, animation by Anton Bogaty.

Art for Life's Sake: In Conversation with Yo-Yo Ma

source: AspenInstitute  2013-06-27

World-renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma, 2013 Harman-Eisner artist in residence, discusses his far-reaching vision for how artists can practice their citizenship, as individuals and through institutions—and how the arts fulfill a fundamental human need by forging and strengthening community.

Interviewer: Damian Woetzel, Director of the Aspen Institute Arts Program

Session produced by the Aspen Institute Arts Program, under the direction of Damian Woetzel. For more information about the Aspen Institute Arts Program, visit www.aspeninstitute.org/artsprogram